The Cold War and US Diplomacy Ronald Reagan - 1546 Words

The Cold War and US Diplomacy: Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan is now one of the most controversial presidents of the past fifty years. Although all have their defenders and detractors, Reagan, though not necessarily a polarizing figure, was engaged in some behavior that has caused questions as people examine his decisions. He is probably best known for his ability to communicate his conservative ideals to the public, and had an innate ability to get people to follow him. Some would say though that his strong arm tactics began the alienation of the United States from the rest of the world, and has led to this moment in time in which the US is reviled by many countries. His chief objective seemed to be to stop the Cold War and end communism as it had stood for the better seven decades, and he did accomplish his task. However, he lacked the delicate diplomatic touch that many wished he would have used. But, he was strong in his convictions ad was not afraid to voice them to any country or individual leader he believed needed to be t old how to act properly. This paper looks at the situation with Libya in 1986, examines Reagans diplomatic doctrine as it applies to this situation, and then determines the immediate and eventual impact of Reagan-led US actions. The Libya Incident The United States had a long history of disagreements with rulers in Libya, Before the land was even incorporated as a contiguous nation, the city of Tripoli sent pirates into the Mediterranean Sea toShow MoreRelatedComparative Analysis of Woodrow Wilson vs. Ronald Reagan1631 Words   |  7 PagesWilson vs. Ronald Reagan Two American Presidents, both very influential in their time and both having had a great impact on history are Ronald Reagan and Woodrow Wilson. Both Presidents were advocates of peace even though they would not have hesitated to enter into a war if war was needed to insure the safety of the United States and Democracy as a whole. By use of small wars and political pressures both Reagan and Wilson, with the exception of Wilsons entering into WW-I, used diplomacy and theseRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Reagan Doctrine Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reagan Doctrine was the foreign policy in the United States, legislated by President Ronald Reagan. This doctrine was design to eliminate the communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were indorsed and validated by the Soviet Union. This assignment will summarize how the United States provided open and private support to guerrilla and resistance movements during the Regan years. In addition, explicate the diplomatic doctrine specific events that occurred in Afghanistan whenRead MoreEssay on The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy1287 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 - The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy SHAMIKA WARD EMMANUEL OBUAH POL 300: Contemp Intl Problems May 31, 2013 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy The Reagan Doctrine was the foreign policy in the United States, enacted by President Ronald Reagan. The doctrine was design to eradicate the communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were authorized and corroborated by the Soviet Union. This assignment will review by what method the United States delivered open andRead MoreEssay about Reagan and Gorbachev806 Words   |  4 PagesReagan and Gorbachev During his first term, Reagan denounced the pre-Gorbachev Soviet Union as an evil empire. The Cold War took place between the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from the mid 1940’s to the early 1990s. It was a â€Å"cold war† in the sense that there was never any military engagement between the US and the USSR, but during the Cold War both superpowers invested in many different weapons. The Cold War finally started to wind down in the late 1980’sRead MoreThe Changing American Culture Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration . The vast differences in the administrations and policies of Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan, show the radical changes that have occurred in American culture over the last generation. Unlike many previous presidents, Ronald Reagan viewed government and regulation as the source of our economic problems and not the solution. According to Peter Ferrara in â€Å"Reaganomics vs Obamanomics† Ronald Reagan said in his speech during his first inauguration â€Å" In this present crisis governmentRead MoreThe Role Ronald Reagan Had in ending the Cold War Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe purpose of this investigation is to determine the role Ronald Reagan had in ending the Cold War. This topic is important because now that it is becoming accepted that Reagan had a goal in mind of ending communism when he became president, it is time to determine the way he accomplished the task of ending the Cold War. The research will focus primarily on deciding whether or not it was through exploiting Soviet vulnerabilities, negotiations, or a military build-up. In answering the inquiry questionRead MoreRonald Reag A Beloved American President869 Words   |  4 Page sRonald Reagan was a beloved American president. However, he didn’t represent the prodigious archetype all citizens should follow. Reagan declared that the â€Å"government isn’t the solution to our problem† rather, â€Å"the government is the problem†. He decried that years of new deal-style tax- and- spend programs created a federal government that reminded him of a create who was all appetite at one end with no sense of responsibility on the other. In essence, he argues the government undermined one majorRead MoreThe Regan Doctrine1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Regan Doctrine President Regan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois. In a family of 3 boys he was the youngest. His father was a traveling shoe salesman. Reagans mother taught Reagan how to read at an early age. Most of Reagans childhood was spent in Dixon, Illinois. Reagan attended and graduated from Eureka College a small religious school around Peoria, Illinois. He majored in economics, was president of the student body, played on the football team and captain of theRead MoreThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine - Essay3303 Words   |  14 PagesThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine By: Jennefer Paddock Professor Altman: POL300 March 4, 2012 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine President Ronald Reagan’s Doctrine was supposed to sponsor anti-communist guerillas who were trying to overthrow pro-Soviet regimes (Roskin 58). President Reagan supported anti-communist groups, and Reagan argued that the American economy was on the move again, while the Soviet Union had become stagnant. President ReaganRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated Jews

Human Resources Management At Elton Mayo - 1418 Words

For the past ten to fifteen year the term human resources management has been commonly used but prior to that the known name was â€Å"personnel administration†. In the early 1920’s, the personnel administers were focused solely on the technical aspect of hiring, evaluating, training, and compensation, and was not focused on the company’s overall performance. In 1928 a social scientist named Elton Mayo researched the effect of better working conditions on employees. Not surprisingly, workers under improved conditions produced more. Elton Mayo discovered that under better conditions, employees worked as a team and generated a higher output. He promoted stronger human relations between subordinates and supervisors, which he called the Human Relations movement. Now during the 20th century, the focus became bringing the companies and employees closer together. The management gave human resources professionals the responsibility of optimizing employee skills to crea te a more valuable, skilled workforce. This trend has prevailed into the 21st century, with human resource departments emphasizing skill development and training for employees. HR which stands for Human Resources is one of the most important ranks in the administrative industry. The human resources department which plays a vital role in any corporation is responsible for several jobs, from working with senior level executive to training lower level trainees. The human resources departments and associates have numerousShow MoreRelatedElton Mayo Contribution to Management and Hr in Particular.1493 Words   |  6 PagesOF ELTON MAYO TO MANAGEMENT IN GENERAL AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARTICULAR. The Hawthorne Experiments and Human Behavior Elton Mayos studies grew out of preliminary experiments at the Hawthorne plant from 1924 to 1927 on the effect of light on productivity. 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More broadly management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups efficiently accomplish selected aims (Kontz and Weihrich 1990, p.4). Therefore management refers to the development of bureaucracy that originates its importance from the need for co-ordination, strategic planning and directing and controlling large and complex decision-making processes. ManagementRead MoreHow can leaders motivate staff in order to improve productivity and job satisfaction?1669 Words   |  7 Pagesis to highlight the use of management theories in relation to productivity and job satisfaction. This essay shall discuss how leaders can motivate employees in order to improve the overall productivity and job satisfaction. I will be looking at theories in relation to how they are categorised, also how different management theo ries can be implemented by a leader. 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Active Citizen Free Essays

I’m going to become an active citizen in four simply steps which are learn about the issues, figure out what is not working and try to come up with solutions, take action, and make sure to talk to others. Step 1: read a good newspaper or website like www. cp24. We will write a custom essay sample on Active Citizen or any similar topic only for you Order Now com. Find out what is going on and what’s good and bad about my city, state, country, and the world. Step 2: start by looking in my city you I don’t get confused. To do this, I will need to make a list of categories, which will help me break down all the problems. Some examples are: Are there problems with the public education or catholic system? Is there a lack of community in my neighborhood? Step 3: write letters, call, and meet with your elected officials. I will make my voice be heard by writing to the media or even just starting a blog or website. I can host a creative fundraising project or volunteer with an organization. Step 4: make as many people as possible to be concerned about each problem that’s happening with in our community, so that they can take their own actions and the problem can get solved. The most important thing is putting the word out there so people can act wisely. The three most significant lessons about citizenship that I will take away from this course are the freedom of speech, the freedom of voting, and the freedom of religion. Freedom of speech is extremely important because it refers to the right of an individual to express his/her views about matter of interest to him/her with the freedom of press which means the freedom of writing which both represent their thoughts. Freedom of speech gives people the right to express their opinions without being arrested and thrown to jail. The freedom of voting is also important because it lets people choose the person they feel will represent them better. Freedom of voting is also important because a democratic government can only function when as many people as possible are able to participate in the electoral process. Freedom of religion is important because people need to feel that they are able to have some sort of influence that is free from the external control. Individual need to feel some sort of level of spiritual fulfillment and should be able to choose freely how that path is taken. Freedom of religion is so important because no matter what ones religion is all of them have one thing in common. It is also important because people wont be force to follow certain customs or beliefs like they used to back in the days. How to cite Active Citizen, Papers

International Political Economy of China †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Political Economy of China. Answer: Introduction Development is directly associated with prosperity. The origination of development dates back to the past six decades and gained significance immediately after the 2nd World War. The process of empowering people to equip them with the potential to pursue goals to improve their well-being, destiny, and environment is referred to as development. There had been challenges by the Western countries in their attempts to rebuild the nations that had been shuttered by the war (Carswell De Neve, 2013). The most frontier challenge for development strategy is moving beyond optimal economic policies prescription, having a more comprehensive view of the social-economic and political dynamics and constraints, and initiating a virtuous spiral of cumulative change. The country was formerly referred to a third world nation whose industrial development consumed excess resources that what the country was able to produce (Coe Hess, 2013). In the past decade, China as a government has been at the foref ront of getting solutions to their then worsened economy. From its statist, modernist, and in particular its liberal beginnings; Chinas development is going through a neoclassical phase that is imperfect due to its strong industrial revolution. Today, China is amongst the fastest growing countries around the globe. This study seeks to find out whether state-led development strategies are finding their way back into fashion in close reference to China. Are State-Led Development Strategies Coming back into Fashion Transformational governance, state capacity building, focused governance, and bottom-up development have come back to fashion in China. China has worked out on implementing state-led development strategies in its market-based economy. Research shows that more than 600 million citizens have been brought out of extreme poverty and this is the step behind the countrys growth in the world economy (Huang Wu, 2012). These state-led development strategies adopted by China have doubled the median wages for an average worker; as a result, China is the World's leading innovator to green energies. The topic under discussion is justifiable since China's domestic life sciences have been seen to grow bolstering significant incentives and investments form the countrys authoritative government. China's size and scale offer the nation a perfect opportunity to continue diversifying its economic activities over its global value chain. This adoption of state-led development strategies coupled with the market-led approach is continually making China a substantial domestic consumer market and large returns generation (Lane Myant, 2016. Below are five models used by China in its state-led development strategies which will help in arguing the question at hand on whether state-led development strategies are coming back to fashion in China; Critical Theories- Marxism The Marxist theory focuses on political practices as the end goal of all governments thoughts. The Chinese government introduced western Marxism to the country in the early 1970s to alleviate the constraints of the Great Cultural Revolution," and its theoretical basis. The Marxism theory brought continued revolution under which people's minds were emancipated and dictatorship was eliminated (McNally, 2012). In China, Marxism is the most famous model of state-led development strategy applied by the government in driving its political, social, and economic goals. China keeps upgrading its industrial revolution, and this is an advanced state-led development strategy which influences peoples life and opportunities for growth. China understands the conditions of working-class people and has been taking advanced actions to incorporate them in industrial policy formulations that can help China prosper. The events of 1978 in China are continually being manifest in its current state of growth. All citizens were involved in debating the most suitable market and state economic policies that could help the country prosper. The debate resulted from the political struggles and ideological differences that the Chinese Communist Party faced. The application of Karl Max model has been bringing amenable results, putting development in practice, and enhancing supplementation in accordance to the millennium development goals (MDGs) of China (Gereffi Wyman, 2014). Through the application of Karl Marx theory, China has been able to alleviate poverty and political instabilities that formerly affected its economic growth. The Chinese academia has attracted a widespread attention to the study of the Marxist theory. China seeks to deliver essential amenities (goods and services) to all its population, and the application of Marxism has been critical to saving the country's socialism. China continues to develop its socialist modernization with the demonstration of western modernization, and this has made China one of the leading economies in the world. Over the last decade, China's economic success has made the country become the world's second-largest economy. China as a government and its people played a paramount role in this rapid expansion and its development in the global political and economic environments (Koh, 2015). The state-led development strategies adopted by the Chinese Communist Party in the 1970s continues to takes its route into Chinas current development fashion state. Political leadership in China has brought extensive development the countrys healthcare, education, and infrastructure. However, China is known to have lacked policy and state-led institutions that can coordinate public versus private partnerships in the country (Musacchio, Lazzarini, Aguilera, 2015). Recently, China has established a framework for supporting public and private relationships and this has been helpful in ensuring that development policies and goals get realized. Liberalism and Capitalism-Economic Institutions such as WTO As a developmental state, China has moved from communist to capitalist. Liberalism involves a political system that emphasizes on equity to citizens rights, opportunities, and individual liberty. On the other side, capitalism involves an economic system that operates in a market economy over which production rights are privately owned (Strange, 2010). China remains to be a liberal, democratic, and a capitalist nation in its endeavors to advance its prospects to state-led development goals. China uses the best development approaches to economic development and industrial revolution due to the liberal nature of its government. As a state-led development nation, China continually formulates stable policies that insulate government bureaucracies from political demands that derailed the state-led approaches by the Communist government in the 1970s. State-led development strategies are on course in China, and this is the major reason behind China's fastest growing industrial economy in the world (Oatley, 2015). China offers its citizens equitable opportunities for a job as well as the patent right to own private firms in various industries such as health and infrastructure. Currently, research shows that China has pulled ahead of the United States of America regarding purchasing-power parity. These continued advances to the modern fashion of state-leadership have created strong warnings that the future of China lies within the authoritarian market managers and that liberal-capitalism appears triumphant at China. With this pace of growth and development, China is projected to dominate the worlds industrial economy in the next five years. Further, China is a member of the World Trade Organization which is the largest economic institution in the world. The decision by the Chinese government to become a member of WTO in 2001 has been significant in its economic growth. This membership signified China's deeper desire to get integrated into the world economy. As a result, the WTO membership has provided China with advanced access to foreign markets something which has reduced international trade barriers significantly (Vijayakumar, Sridharan, Rao, 2010). A primary state-led strategy by China was attracting foreign investment, and this has continually been advanced by China's membership to WTO. Further, state-led development strategies are back into Fashion at China in that China is undergoing economic transformations which offer the country with firmer and speedier economic progress as compared to other second world class countries (Onuf, 2012). Further, the liberal political system of government in China has created a s ystem over which the nation keeps enjoying long-term growth in production and enhancing competitiveness in the world market. The industrial growth in China has also been advanced by its WTO membership whereby the Chinese people have secured job opportunities in foreign countries due to their outstanding innovation and world-class engineering skills. This current state at China reflects foreseeable economic transformation and development of China, and this represents equitable growth, balance, and sustainability. China's performance in the past five years shows its sober economic resilience, financial crisis alleviation, and immense development strategies as a state-led nation around the globe. Stare-Led Talk on China-Beijing Consensus- Economic Power Economic power refers to the ability of a country to own sufficient productive resources that enable its design and enforce economic decisions such as resource allocation and the apportionment of goods and services. China is a richer and a prosperous country, and this makes the country enjoy more economic power and influence in the state-market place than the developing nations. As the leading producer in the industrial revolution industry, China is a free market whereby the price for products is determined by the forces of supply and demand. Regarding gross domestic product, China's socialist market economy is rated to be the world's second largest as per the purchasing power parity (Parkin, 1981). The state-led development strategies are taking a course to fashion in China through its advanced steps and rise to global economic superpower. Today, China has diversified its industrial revolution in the engineering sector to most world's countries whereby they construct roads for loans . Further, the rating by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to rate China as the number one economic superpower has helped China diversify its industrial activities and hence continue growing its economy. The state-led talk on China-Beijing consensus was once viewed to be an awkward and unsustainable blend of capitalist economics and authoritarian politics. However, China's present growth model has impressed in the recent past making the Beijing Consensus attract many admirers globally. The state-led talk that drawn global attendance is currently making China the most significant investment banker hence attracting the most celebrities who have a great interest in resolving the pressing challenges in their political economies (Raco, 2014). As a result of this consensus, Chinas economic power has grown to the most unthought-of level. The China-Beijing consensus implemented development strategies worth $600 billion making Chinas economy grow by 9 percent. Chinas performance continues to influence and inspire other developing countries/ economists not to give up but ensure their strategies are rightly set. The Chinese Economic Model (China-Beijing Consensus) challenged the democratic capitalism by the western world nations. The World Economic Forum deliberated on development strategies that enhance political stability in the nation some of the agenda including resources allocation, investment by government to various industries, and the source of financial resources required to make the country a more developed nation (Saich, 2000). As a result, China has become the world's economy's number two ahead of Japan and gaining a competitive advantage over the US. Government policy toolkit, corporate allegiance, resources sourcing, and strategic priorities were also discussed in the China Model. This builds China's economic strength hence upgrading the countries profile in international affairs. Before the China-Beijing Consensus, China suffered global economic crisis through the unscathed downturns set by the world's unfavorable market environment (Selwyn, 2013). Today, the authorities of Ch ina can design long-term strategic and development priorities that are systematically viable and suitable to the fiscal challenges that exist in China. Global Production Network The concept of Global Production Network (GPN) explains the interconnection of functions, transactions, and operations through which products or services are produced, distributed, and consumed. China realized/ unleashed its productive potential through GPN. Since the early 1970s, China was trying to unravel and understand the global economy's complexities which posed huge inequalities and empirical difficulties to its social-economic and political growth. The use of GPN which is restricted to the global value chain and commodity chain has brought China to its current economic progress (Sikor Mller, 2009). The use of liberal governance which helps the government discharge and allocates its resources equitably made the Chinese get educated and gain excellent, innovative skills in various sectors. Today, China is enjoying the fruits of fairness and equity in governance. Within the transnational space, GPNs continue to help China establish solid economic relationships with other world economies. China continues to specialize in the industrial revolution in specific core competencies and strategic new business areas across the globe. Through IMF, the country has been advised on how to mitigate investment risks which arise from severe market demand fluctuations in the nations they venture at. There have been advanced standardization and modularization of China's produced products, and this helps remain economically stable (Farrell, Newman, 2010). The Global Production Networks have helped China alleviate global firms costs problems something which has formed a long-term solution to the country's competitive flight from other large world economies. China today is like one community, the country has the world's best modern infrastructure which interconnects all cities and regions across the entire nation. This has made China a unique marketplace and makes people trade freely from one city to another hence making the economy grow. Further, China outsources to its independent suppliers its productive operations, and this has continually boosted its production flexibility without incurring further significant financial liabilities related to the establishment of new service facilities. Further, the cost of production modifications is lowered through innovation of new technological ideas that boost both small and large-scale economic activities in the country (Duffield, 2014). Currently, China is moving a step ahead to establishing itself as an industrial decomposition through which creative and reflective industrial actors perpetually thrive. Today, there is no product that China does not produce or manufacture and this is due to its improved Global Production Networks. Brazil, Russian, India, China (BRIC)- Role Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) convene in the Xiamen city at China for their annual summit to discuss the future of the globalized economy. BRIC is the worlds leading emerging economies. Recent research shows that China enjoys success in its global supply chains making it's the world's second-largest economy by GDP ( Baylis, Owens, Smith, 2017). However, in the year 1990, China's productive capacity formed less than 3 percent of the globe's manufacturing output something which has been overturned by this recent research. This success by China can be attributed by its membership with BRIC whose main aims are protecting their economies, lifting the largely populated poor regions, and safeguarding their social, economic, and political environments (Block Keller, 2015). The ability to fight corruption by China has made the country to become the most developed nation amongst all BRIC members. Financing from BRIC impacts development to the members and the roles of BRIC include: Facilitating advanced implementation of past policy commitments: China has the role of advancing past policy commitment implementation among the BRIC nations to enhance long-term growth through structural reforms, financial stability, and innovation. Encouraging cooperation among the BRIC nations: China has the role of supporting the BRIC countries work together to alleviate the external economic environment challenges that are unfavorable to them. Promotion of stable and resilient international financial structure: BRICS aims at creating a stable financial environment over which its members can enjoy and emerge as worlds best economies. Promotion of global trade: BRICS other role is jointly enhancing global growth in trade that enhances regional trade agreements transparency. To achieve this role, BRICS use internal exchanges and shared expertise to unify their economic stances in a unified manner. Conclusion State-led development strategies are coming back into fashion. China is the world's second-largest industrial economy and has the potential to lead the world market in the next five years. China has one of the Worlds largest population size who demand equal access to government resources and social amenities. The Chinese government is industrially upgrading. Over the past decades, China has designed various state-led development strategies some of which include; developing China's research capacity, investment in star research, funding downstream knowledge translation and transfer, and building industrial RD infrastructure. China as a country targets to move its global value chain. However, China has one of the highest populations in the world, and this poses a threat to its continued economic development in future. On the contrary, this state-led model of development adopted by China promises a great chance for growth rather than recession. References Baylis, J., Owens, P., Smith, S. (Eds.). (2017).The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Block, F. L., Keller, M. R. (2015).State of innovation: the US government's role in technology development. Routledge. Carswell, G., De Neve, G. (2013). Labouring for global markets: Conceptualising labor agency in global production networks. Geoforum,44, 62-70. Coe, N. M., Hess, M. (2013). Global production networks, labor, and development. Geoforum,44, 4-9. Duffield, M. (2014).Global governance and the new wars: The merging of development and security. Zed Books Ltd. Farrell, H., Newman, A. L. (2010). Making global markets: Historical institutionalism in international political economy.Review of International Political Economy,17(4), 609-638. Gereffi, G., Wyman, D. L. (Eds.). (2014).Manufacturing miracles: paths of industrialization in Latin America and East Asia. Princeton University Press. Huang, C., Wu, Y. (2012). State-led technological development: A case of Chinas nanotechnology development.World Development,40(5), 970-982. Koh, S. Y. (2015). State?led talent return migration programme and the doubly neglected Malaysian diaspora: Whose diaspora, what citizenship, whose development?.Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography,36(2), 183-200. Lane, D., Myant, M. (Eds.). (2016).Varieties of capitalism in post-communist countries. Springer. McNally, C. A. (2012). Sino-capitalism: China's reemergence and the international political economy.World Politics,64(4), 741-776. Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S. G., Aguilera, R. V. (2015). New varieties of state capitalism: Strategic and governance implications.The Academy ofManagement Perspectives,29(1), 115-131. Oatley, T. (2015).International political economy. Routledge. Onuf, N. G. (2012).World of our making: rules and rule in social theory and international relations. Routledge. Parkin, F. (1981). Marxism and class theory: A bourgeois critique. Raco, M. (2014). Delivering Flagship Projects in an Era of Regulatory Capitalism: State?led Privatization and the London Olympics 2012.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,38(1), 176-197. Saich, T. (2000). Negotiating the state: The development of social organizations in China.The China Quarterly,161, 124-141. Selwyn, B. (2013). Social upgrading and labor in global production networks: a critique and an alternative conception. Competition Change,17(1), 75-90. Sikor, T., Mller, D. (2009). The limits of state-led land reform: An introduction.World Development,37(8), 1307-1316. Strange, S. (Ed.). (2010).Paths to International Political Economy (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Vijayakumar, N., Sridharan, P., Rao, K. C. S. (2010). Determinants of FDI in BRICS Countries: A panel analysis.International Journal of Business Science Applied Management,5(3).